ancillarydata_timecode_vitc.cpp

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/* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT */
#include "ancillarydata_timecode_vitc.h"
#include <ios>
#include <iomanip>
 
using namespace std;
 
 
AJAAncillaryData_Timecode_VITC::AJAAncillaryData_Timecode_VITC() : AJAAncillaryData_Timecode()
{
    Init();
}
 
 
AJAAncillaryData_Timecode_VITC::AJAAncillaryData_Timecode_VITC(const AJAAncillaryData_Timecode_VITC& clone) : AJAAncillaryData_Timecode()
{
    Init();
    *this = clone;
}
 
 
AJAAncillaryData_Timecode_VITC::AJAAncillaryData_Timecode_VITC(const AJAAncillaryData_Timecode_VITC *pClone) : AJAAncillaryData_Timecode()
{
    Init();
    if (pClone)
        *this = *pClone;
}
 
 
AJAAncillaryData_Timecode_VITC::AJAAncillaryData_Timecode_VITC(const AJAAncillaryData *pData) : AJAAncillaryData_Timecode(pData)
{
    Init();
}
 
 
void AJAAncillaryData_Timecode_VITC::Init (void)
{
    m_ancType = AJAAncDataType_Timecode_VITC;
    m_coding  = AJAAncDataCoding_Raw;
    m_DID     = AJAAncillaryData_VITC_DID;
    m_SID     = AJAAncillaryData_VITC_SID;
 
    m_vitcType = AJAAncillaryData_Timecode_VITC_Type_Unknown;   // note: "Unknown" defaults to "Timecode" for transmit
    SetLocationLineNumber(14);  //  Assume F1   otherwise SetLocationLineNumber(277);
}
 
 
AJAAncillaryData_Timecode_VITC & AJAAncillaryData_Timecode_VITC::operator = (const AJAAncillaryData_Timecode_VITC & inRHS)
{
    if (this != &inRHS)     // ignore self-assignment
    {
        AJAAncillaryData_Timecode::operator= (inRHS);       // copy the base class stuff
        // copy the local stuff
        m_vitcType = inRHS.m_vitcType;
    }
    return *this;
}
 
 
void AJAAncillaryData_Timecode_VITC::Clear (void)
{
    AJAAncillaryData_Timecode::Clear ();
    Init ();
}
 
 
AJAStatus AJAAncillaryData_Timecode_VITC::ParsePayloadData (void)
{
    AJAStatus status = AJA_STATUS_SUCCESS;
 
    // reality check...
    if (GetDC() < AJAAncillaryData_VITC_PayloadSize)
    {
        Init();                     // load default values
        status = AJA_STATUS_FAIL;
        m_rcvDataValid = false;
    }
    else
    {
        // we have some kind of payload data - try to parse it
        m_rcvDataValid = DecodeLine(GetPayloadData());
    }
    return status;
}
 
 
AJAStatus AJAAncillaryData_Timecode_VITC::GeneratePayloadData (void)
{
    m_DID = AJAAncillaryData_VITC_DID;
    m_SID = AJAAncillaryData_VITC_SID;
 
    AJAStatus status = AllocDataMemory(AJAAncillaryData_VITC_PayloadSize);
    if (AJA_FAILURE(status))
        return status;
 
    status = EncodeLine(&m_payload[0]);
    if (AJA_FAILURE(status))
        return status;
 
    // round-trip: TEST ONLY!
    //bool bResult = DecodeLine (m_pPayload);
 
    m_checksum = Calculate8BitChecksum ();
    return AJA_STATUS_SUCCESS;
}
 
 
AJAStatus AJAAncillaryData_Timecode_VITC::SetVITCDataType (const AJAAncillaryData_Timecode_VITC_Type inType)
{
    if (   inType == AJAAncillaryData_Timecode_VITC_Type_Timecode
        || inType == AJAAncillaryData_Timecode_VITC_Type_FilmData
        || inType == AJAAncillaryData_Timecode_VITC_Type_ProdData)
    {
        m_vitcType = inType;
        return AJA_STATUS_SUCCESS;
    }
    return AJA_STATUS_RANGE;
}
 
 
 
AJAAncDataType AJAAncillaryData_Timecode_VITC::RecognizeThisAncillaryData (const AJAAncillaryData * pInAncData)
{
    // note: BIG ASSUMPTION! If the user deliberately captured analog line 19 on either field,
    //       we're assuming it was for the sake of getting captioning data (NTSC/525-line).
    //       The only way we could know "for sure" would be to run ParsePayloadData() on
    //       the payload data, but that's not a static method so you'd have to recast the
    //       AJAAncillaryData object anyway!
    if (pInAncData->GetDataCoding() == AJAAncDataCoding_Raw)
        if (pInAncData->GetLocationLineNumber() == 14 || pInAncData->GetLocationLineNumber() == 277)
        return AJAAncDataType_Timecode_VITC;
 
    return AJAAncDataType_Unknown;
}
 
 
 
//-------------------------------------------------------------
// VITC Decode code (ported/stolen from ntv2vitc.cpp)
 
 
    // According to SMPTE-12M, in NTSC the VITC waveform should begin no EARLIER than 10.0 usecs
    // from the leading edge of sync, which translates to approx 13 pixels from the beginning of
    // active video. In PAL, the spec says the VITC waveform should start no earlier than 11.2 usecs
    // from the leading edge of sync, or 19 pixels from the beginning of active video. Just to be
    // on the safe side, we're going to start looking for the first leading edge at pixel 10, and
    // stop looking (if we haven't found it) at pixel 30.
const uint32_t VITC_DECODE_START_WINDOW = 10;
const uint32_t VITC_DECODE_END_WINDOW   = 30;
 
const uint8_t VITC_Y_CLIP = 102;        //  8-bit YCbCr threshold (assumes black = 16)
 
    // levels
const uint8_t VITC_YUV8_LO  = 0x10;     // '0'
const uint8_t VITC_YUV8_HI  = 0xC0;     // '1'
 
 
 
// return the VITC bit level (true or false) at pixelNum. pLine points to the beginning
// of the line (i.e. the first byte in active video).
static bool getVITCLevel (uint32_t pixelNum, const uint8_t * pLine)
{
    uint8_t luma = pLine[pixelNum];
    return luma > VITC_Y_CLIP;
}
 
 
// Implements one bit of the SMPTE-12M CRC polynomial: x^8 + 1
// Pretty simple: if the current ms bit of the shift register is 0, shift left, adding the new bit to the ls position.
//                if the current ms bit of the shift register is 1, shift left, adding the inverse of the new bit to the ls position.
static void addToCRC (const bool inBit, uint8_t & inOutCRC)
{
    uint8_t newBit = 0;
 
    // a more concise way to say this is: newBit = (inOutCRC >> 7) ^ inBit;
    if (inOutCRC & 0x80)
        newBit = (inBit ? 0 : 1);
    else
        newBit = (inBit ? 1 : 0);
 
    inOutCRC = (inOutCRC << 1) + newBit;
}
 
 
bool AJAAncillaryData_Timecode_VITC::DecodeLine (const uint8_t *pLine)
{
    bool bResult = false;
 
    uint8_t CRC = 0;        // accumulate the CRC here
    uint8_t tcData[8] = { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 }; // accumulate the data bits here
 
    uint32_t currIndex = 0;     // our running pixel index
    uint32_t i;
 
    // First look for the beginning of the first start bit.
    bool lastPixel = getVITCLevel(VITC_DECODE_START_WINDOW, pLine);
    for (currIndex = VITC_DECODE_START_WINDOW+1; currIndex < VITC_DECODE_END_WINDOW; currIndex++)
    {
        bool thisPixel = getVITCLevel(currIndex, pLine);
        
        // look for a 0 -> 1 edge
        if (!lastPixel && thisPixel)
            break;
    }
    
    // if we didn't find a 0 -> 1 edge within the window, bail
    if (currIndex == VITC_DECODE_END_WINDOW)
        return false;
        
    // we found an edge - now make sure the next 3 pixels are '1' (this will put us in the
    // middle of the first start bit cell)
    if (   !getVITCLevel(currIndex+1, pLine)
        || !getVITCLevel(currIndex+2, pLine)
        || !getVITCLevel(currIndex+3, pLine) )
        return false;
    else
        currIndex += 3;
        
    // repeat for 9 groups...
    for (uint8_t group = 0; group < 9; group++)
    {
        uint8_t data = 0;
        
        // assuming our index is sitting in the middle of the leading ('1') start bit of the group,
        // look for the 1 -> 0 start bit transition. This will become our reference for the rest of
        // the group. Ideally, the transition should happen 4.5 pixels from now, but we'll look as
        // far as 8 pixels out.
        for (i = 1; i < 8; i++)
        {   
            if ( !getVITCLevel(currIndex+i, pLine) )
                break;
        }
        
        // if we couldn't find a 1->0 transition, assume we're broken and bail
        if (i == 8)
            break;
        else
            currIndex += i;     // currIndex now sits at the beginning of the 2nd ('0' start bit) of the group
        
        // all ten bits are used to calculate the CRC, so add the two start bits now
        addToCRC(true,  CRC);
        addToCRC(false, CRC);
        
        // position index in the middle of the first data bit (i.e. 1.5 bitcells from here)
        currIndex += 11;
        
        // add the 8 data bits, assuming 7.5 pixels per VITC bit cell.
        for (i = 0; i < 8; i++)
        {
            bool bit = getVITCLevel(currIndex, pLine);
            addToCRC(bit, CRC);
            currIndex += (i%2 ? 8 : 7);     // alternate between 7 and 8 pixels to maintain 7.5 average
            
                // the data bits are transmit ls-bit first, so shift in from the right
            data = (bit ? 0x80 : 0) + (data >> 1);
        }
        
        // put the collected data byte where it belongs
        if (group < 8)                  // this is a data group
            tcData[group] = data;
 
        else                            // this is the last (CRC) group: after it's finished, the CRC register should be
        {                               //    one of the magic numbers or we had an error
            if (CRC == 0x00)
            {
                m_vitcType = AJAAncillaryData_Timecode_VITC_Type_Timecode;      // we've got valid "timecode" data
                bResult = true;
            }
            else if (CRC == 0xFF)
            {
                m_vitcType = AJAAncillaryData_Timecode_VITC_Type_FilmData;      // we've got a valid RP-201 "Film Data Block"
                bResult = true;
            }
 
            else if (CRC == 0x0F)
            {
                m_vitcType = AJAAncillaryData_Timecode_VITC_Type_ProdData;      // we've got a valid RP-201 "Production Data Block"
                bResult = true;
            }
 
            else
            {
                m_vitcType = AJAAncillaryData_Timecode_VITC_Type_Unknown;       // unrecognized CRC? Assume it's bad data...
                bResult = false;
            }
        }
        
        //  At this point, currIndex should now be positioned in the middle of the NEXT group's leading ('1') start bit
 
    }   // for (int group...
    
 
    // finished with all of the groups! If we think we've been successful, transfer the data bytes to the RP188_STRUCT
    if (bResult)
    {
        // the "time" digits are in the ls nibbles of each received byte
        // (note: SetTimeHexValue() performs the needed masking)
        SetTimeHexValue(kTcFrameUnits,  tcData[0]);     // frame units);
        SetTimeHexValue(kTcFrameTens,   tcData[1]);     // frame tens
        SetTimeHexValue(kTcSecondUnits, tcData[2]);     // second units
        SetTimeHexValue(kTcSecondTens,  tcData[3]);     // second tens
        SetTimeHexValue(kTcMinuteUnits, tcData[4]);     // minute units
        SetTimeHexValue(kTcMinuteTens,  tcData[5]);     // minute tens
        SetTimeHexValue(kTcHourUnits,   tcData[6]);     // hour units
        SetTimeHexValue(kTcHourTens,    tcData[7]);     // hour tens
 
        // the Binary Group "digits" are in the ms nibbles of each received byte
        // (note: SetBinaryGroupHexValue() performs the needed masking)
        SetBinaryGroupHexValue(kBg1, (tcData[0] >> 4));     // BG 1
        SetBinaryGroupHexValue(kBg2, (tcData[1] >> 4));     // BG 2
        SetBinaryGroupHexValue(kBg3, (tcData[2] >> 4));     // BG 3
        SetBinaryGroupHexValue(kBg4, (tcData[3] >> 4));     // BG 4
        SetBinaryGroupHexValue(kBg5, (tcData[4] >> 4));     // BG 5
        SetBinaryGroupHexValue(kBg6, (tcData[5] >> 4));     // BG 6
        SetBinaryGroupHexValue(kBg7, (tcData[6] >> 4));     // BG 7
        SetBinaryGroupHexValue(kBg8, (tcData[7] >> 4));     // BG 8
    }
    
    return bResult;
}
 
 
//-------------------------------------------------------------
// VITC Encode code (ported/stolen from ntv2vitc.cpp)
 
#ifdef USE_SMPTE_266M
 
// output one pixel in the line at the designated index. <level> is the 8-bit (Y) video level for this pixel.
static inline void DoVITCPixel (uint8_t * pOutLine, const uint32_t inPixelNum, const uint8_t inLevel)
{
    pOutLine[inPixelNum] = inLevel;
}
 
 
// Output a four-pixel transition that crosses the 50% point exactly on a pixel.
// SMPTE-266 refers to this as "Curve B"
static void DoNormalTransition (uint8_t *pLine, uint32_t& pixelIndex, bool bBit0, bool bBit1)
{
    if (!bBit0 && !bBit1)       // 0 -> 0 transition:
    {
        //  Output 4 pixels of "low" level...
        DoVITCPixel (pLine, pixelIndex++, VITC_YUV8_LO);
        DoVITCPixel (pLine, pixelIndex++, VITC_YUV8_LO);
        DoVITCPixel (pLine, pixelIndex++, VITC_YUV8_LO);
        DoVITCPixel (pLine, pixelIndex++, VITC_YUV8_LO);
    }
    else if (!bBit0 && bBit1)   // 0 -> 1 transition:
    {
        DoVITCPixel (pLine, pixelIndex++, 0x2A);
        DoVITCPixel (pLine, pixelIndex++, 0x68);    // 50%
        DoVITCPixel (pLine, pixelIndex++, 0xA6);
        DoVITCPixel (pLine, pixelIndex++, VITC_YUV8_HI);
    }
    else if (bBit0 && !bBit1)   // 1 -> 0 transition:
    {
        DoVITCPixel (pLine, pixelIndex++, 0xA6);
        DoVITCPixel (pLine, pixelIndex++, 0x68);    // 50%
        DoVITCPixel (pLine, pixelIndex++, 0x2A);
        DoVITCPixel (pLine, pixelIndex++, VITC_YUV8_LO);
    }
    else                        // 1 -> 1 transition:
    {
        //  Output 4 pixels of "high" level...
        DoVITCPixel (pLine, pixelIndex++, VITC_YUV8_HI);
        DoVITCPixel (pLine, pixelIndex++, VITC_YUV8_HI);
        DoVITCPixel (pLine, pixelIndex++, VITC_YUV8_HI);
        DoVITCPixel (pLine, pixelIndex++, VITC_YUV8_HI);
    }
}
 
 
// Output a four-pixel transition that crosses the 50% point exactly between two pixels. This transition is
// used between two bits of a "pair", making each bit a "half" pixel in length (e.g. 7.5 pixels each).
static void DoHalfTransition (uint8_t *pLine, uint32_t& pixelIndex, bool bBit0, bool bBit1)
{
    if (!bBit0 && !bBit1)       // 0 -> 0 transition:
    {
        //  Output 3 pixels of "low" level...
        DoVITCPixel (pLine, pixelIndex++, VITC_YUV8_LO);
        DoVITCPixel (pLine, pixelIndex++, VITC_YUV8_LO);
        DoVITCPixel (pLine, pixelIndex++, VITC_YUV8_LO);
    }
    else if (!bBit0 && bBit1)   // 0 -> 1 transition:
    {
        DoVITCPixel (pLine, pixelIndex++, 0x3C);
        DoVITCPixel (pLine, pixelIndex++, 0x94);
        DoVITCPixel (pLine, pixelIndex++, VITC_YUV8_HI);
    }
    else if (bBit0 && !bBit1)   // 1 -> 0 transition:
    {
        DoVITCPixel (pLine, pixelIndex++, 0x94);
        DoVITCPixel (pLine, pixelIndex++, 0x3C);
        DoVITCPixel (pLine, pixelIndex++, VITC_YUV8_LO);
    }
    else                        // 1 -> 1 transition:
    {
        //  Output 3 pixels of "high" level...
        DoVITCPixel (pLine, pixelIndex++, VITC_YUV8_HI);
        DoVITCPixel (pLine, pixelIndex++, VITC_YUV8_HI);
        DoVITCPixel (pLine, pixelIndex++, VITC_YUV8_HI);
    }
}
 
 
// Encodes 2 VITC bits (15 pixels), assuming the previous bit ended on <bPrevBit>.
static void DoVITCBitPair (uint8_t *pLine, uint32_t& pixelIndex, bool bPrevBit, bool bBit0, bool bBit1)
{
    uint8_t level;
 
    // 1st: do normal (SMPTE-266 calls it "Curve B") transition (50% point falls on exact pixel) from previous bit to Bit0 (pixels #0 - #3)
    DoNormalTransition(pLine, pixelIndex, bPrevBit, bBit0);
 
    // 2nd: do 3 pixels of "Bit0" level
    level = (bBit0 ? VITC_YUV8_HI : VITC_YUV8_LO);
    DoVITCPixel (pLine, pixelIndex++, level);       // pixel #4
    DoVITCPixel (pLine, pixelIndex++, level);       // pixel #5
    DoVITCPixel (pLine, pixelIndex++, level);       // pixel #6
    DoVITCPixel (pLine, pixelIndex++, level);       // pixel #7
 
    // 3rd: do "half" (SMPTE-266 calls it "Curve A") transition (50% point falls between two pixels) from Bit0 to Bit 1 (pixels #8 - #10)
    DoHalfTransition(pLine, pixelIndex, bBit0, bBit1);
 
    // 4th: do remaining pixels of "Bit 1" level this is the place to drop a pixel if desired)
    level = (bBit1 ? VITC_YUV8_HI : VITC_YUV8_LO);
    DoVITCPixel (pLine, pixelIndex++, level);       // pixel #11
    DoVITCPixel (pLine, pixelIndex++, level);       // pixel #12
    DoVITCPixel (pLine, pixelIndex++, level);       // pixel #13
    DoVITCPixel (pLine, pixelIndex++, level);       // pixel #14
}
 
 
// Encodes the supplied timecode data to VITC and inserts it in the designated video line.
// If this is RP-201 "Film" or "Production" data, we jigger the CRC per RP-201 specs.
AJAStatus AJAAncillaryData_Timecode_VITC::EncodeLine(uint8_t *pLine) const
{
    uint32_t i;
    uint32_t pixelIndex = 0;        // running pixel count
    uint32_t bitPair;
    bool bBit0, bBit1;
    bool bPrevBit = false;      // the last bit of the previous group
    uint8_t CRC = 0;
    
    // 1st: do 26 pixels of black before 1st start bit
    for (i = 0; i < 26; i++)
        DoVITCPixel (pLine, pixelIndex++, VITC_YUV8_LO);
        
    // VITC consists of 9 "groups" of 10 bits each (or 5 bit-pairs). Each group starts with a '1' bit and a '0' bit,
    // followed by 8 data bits. The first 8 groups carry the 64 bits of VITC data, and the last group carries an 8-bit
    // CRC calculated from the preceding 82 bits.
    for (uint8_t group(0);  group < kNumTimeDigits;  group++)
    {
        uint8_t tcData, bgData;
        GetTimeHexValue(group, tcData);
        GetBinaryGroupHexValue(group, bgData);
        uint8_t data = (bgData << 4) + tcData;
 
        // Note: we do VITC bit "pairs" because the timing works out to be 7.5 pixels per VITC bit.
        // A bit pair is exactly 15 pixels, so it's more convenient to work with
        DoVITCBitPair(pLine, pixelIndex, bPrevBit, 1, 0);           // Start bits: 1, 0
        addToCRC (1, CRC);
        addToCRC (0, CRC);              // note: start bits are included in CRC
        bPrevBit = false;
 
        for (bitPair = 0; bitPair < 4; bitPair++)
        {
            bBit0 = (data & 0x01) > 0;
            bBit1 = (data & 0x02) > 0;
            
            DoVITCBitPair(pLine, pixelIndex, bPrevBit, bBit0, bBit1);       // 8 Data bits per group (ls bit first)
            
            // add bits to CRC
            addToCRC (bBit0, CRC);
            addToCRC (bBit1, CRC);
            
            bPrevBit = bBit1;
            data = (data >> 2);
        }
    }
    
 
    // do the final "CRC" group
    DoVITCBitPair(pLine, pixelIndex, bPrevBit, 1, 0);           // Start bits: 1, 0
    
    // the CRC also includes the start bits for the CRC group, so add those now
    addToCRC (1, CRC);
    addToCRC (0, CRC);
    bPrevBit = false;
 
    // if we're transmitting standard VITC timecode, the CRC is sent as-is
    // if this is RP-201 "Film Data", the CRC needs to be inverted
    // if this is RP-201 "Production Data", the only the "upper" nibble of the CRC is inverted
    if (m_vitcType == AJAAncillaryData_Timecode_VITC_Type_FilmData)
        CRC = ~CRC;
    else if (m_vitcType == AJAAncillaryData_Timecode_VITC_Type_ProdData)
        CRC = CRC ^ 0x0F;
 
    for (i = 0; i < 4; i++)
    {
        bBit0 = (CRC & 0x80) > 0;
        bBit1 = (CRC & 0x40) > 0;
        
        DoVITCBitPair(pLine, pixelIndex, bPrevBit, bBit0, bBit1);       // 8 Data bits per group (ms bit first)
        
        bPrevBit = bBit1;
        CRC = (CRC << 2);
    }
    
    // just in case we ended on a '1' data bit, do a final transition back to black
    DoNormalTransition(pLine, pixelIndex, bPrevBit, 0);
 
    // fill the remainder of the line with Black (note that we're assuming 720 active pixels!)
    const uint32_t  remainingPixels (GetDC() > pixelIndex  ?  GetDC() - pixelIndex  :  0);
    if (remainingPixels)
        for (i = 0; i < (uint32_t)remainingPixels; i++)
            DoVITCPixel (pLine, pixelIndex++, VITC_YUV8_LO);
 
    return AJA_STATUS_SUCCESS;
}
 
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
#else   // use original NTV2 VITC algorithm
 
// output one pixel in the line at the designated index. <level> is a relative pixel value,
// where "0.0" represents the logic low level, and "1.0" represents the logic high level.
static void DoVITCPixel (uint8_t *pLine, uint32_t pixelNum, float level)
{
    uint8_t luma;
    if      (level <= 0.0)  luma = VITC_YUV8_LO;
    else if (level >= 1.0)  luma = VITC_YUV8_HI;
    else                    luma = (uint8_t)((float)(VITC_YUV8_HI - VITC_YUV8_LO) * level) + VITC_YUV8_LO;
 
    pLine[pixelNum] = luma;
}
 
 
// Output a five-pixel transition that crosses the 50% point exactly on a pixel.
static void DoNormalTransition (uint8_t *pLine, uint32_t& pixelIndex, bool bBit0, bool bBit1)
{
    if (!bBit0 && !bBit1)
    {
        // 0 -> 0 transition: output 5 pixels of "low" level
        DoVITCPixel (pLine, pixelIndex++, (float)0.0);
        DoVITCPixel (pLine, pixelIndex++, (float)0.0);
        DoVITCPixel (pLine, pixelIndex++, (float)0.0);
        DoVITCPixel (pLine, pixelIndex++, (float)0.0);
        DoVITCPixel (pLine, pixelIndex++, (float)0.0);
    }
    else if (!bBit0 && bBit1)
    {
        // 0 -> 1 transition
        DoVITCPixel (pLine, pixelIndex++, (float)0.01);
        DoVITCPixel (pLine, pixelIndex++, (float)0.18);
        DoVITCPixel (pLine, pixelIndex++, (float)0.50);
        DoVITCPixel (pLine, pixelIndex++, (float)0.82);
        DoVITCPixel (pLine, pixelIndex++, (float)0.99);
    }
    else if (bBit0 && !bBit1)
    {
        // 1 -> 0 transition
        DoVITCPixel (pLine, pixelIndex++, (float)0.99);
        DoVITCPixel (pLine, pixelIndex++, (float)0.82);
        DoVITCPixel (pLine, pixelIndex++, (float)0.50);
        DoVITCPixel (pLine, pixelIndex++, (float)0.18);
        DoVITCPixel (pLine, pixelIndex++, (float)0.01);
    }
    else
    {
        // 1 -> 1 transition: output 5 pixels of "high" level
        DoVITCPixel (pLine, pixelIndex++, (float)1.0);
        DoVITCPixel (pLine, pixelIndex++, (float)1.0);
        DoVITCPixel (pLine, pixelIndex++, (float)1.0);
        DoVITCPixel (pLine, pixelIndex++, (float)1.0);
        DoVITCPixel (pLine, pixelIndex++, (float)1.0);
    }
}
 
 
// Output a four-pixel transition that crosses the 50% point exactly between two pixels. This transition is
// used between two bits of a "pair", making each bit a "half" pixel in length (e.g. 7.5 pixels each).
static void DoHalfTransition (uint8_t *pLine, uint32_t& pixelIndex, bool bBit0, bool bBit1)
{
    if (!bBit0 && !bBit1)
    {
        // 0 -> 0 transition: output 4 pixels of "low" level
        DoVITCPixel (pLine, pixelIndex++, (float)0.0);
        DoVITCPixel (pLine, pixelIndex++, (float)0.0);
        DoVITCPixel (pLine, pixelIndex++, (float)0.0);
        DoVITCPixel (pLine, pixelIndex++, (float)0.0);
    }
    else if (!bBit0 && bBit1)
    {
        // 0 -> 1 transition
        DoVITCPixel (pLine, pixelIndex++, (float)0.00);
        DoVITCPixel (pLine, pixelIndex++, (float)0.33);
        DoVITCPixel (pLine, pixelIndex++, (float)0.67);
        DoVITCPixel (pLine, pixelIndex++, (float)1.00);
    }
    else if (bBit0 && !bBit1)
    {
        // 1 -> 0 transition
        DoVITCPixel (pLine, pixelIndex++, (float)1.00);
        DoVITCPixel (pLine, pixelIndex++, (float)0.67);
        DoVITCPixel (pLine, pixelIndex++, (float)0.33);
        DoVITCPixel (pLine, pixelIndex++, (float)0.00);
    }
    else
    {
        // 1 -> 1 transition: output 4 pixels of "high" level
        DoVITCPixel (pLine, pixelIndex++, (float)1.0);
        DoVITCPixel (pLine, pixelIndex++, (float)1.0);
        DoVITCPixel (pLine, pixelIndex++, (float)1.0);
        DoVITCPixel (pLine, pixelIndex++, (float)1.0);
    }
}
 
// Encodes 2 VITC bits (15 pixels), assuming the previous bit ended on <bPrevBit>.
// bDropBit can be used to make a 14-pixel pair to try and keep the VITC waveform in time with the spec
static void DoVITCBitPair (uint8_t *pLine, uint32_t& pixelIndex, bool bPrevBit, bool bBit0, bool bBit1, bool bDropBit)
{
    float level;                // 0.0 -> 1.0 relative level (0.0 = logic low, 1.0 = logic high)
 
    // 1st: do normal transition (50% point falls on exact pixel) from previous bit to Bit0 (pixels #0 - #4)
    DoNormalTransition(pLine, pixelIndex, bPrevBit, bBit0);
 
    // 2nd: do 3 pixels of "Bit0" level
    level = (bBit0 ? (float)1.0 : (float)0.0);
    DoVITCPixel (pLine, pixelIndex++, level);       // pixel #5
    DoVITCPixel (pLine, pixelIndex++, level);       // pixel #6
    DoVITCPixel (pLine, pixelIndex++, level);       // pixel #7
 
    // 3rd: do "half" transition (50% point falls between two pixels) from Bit0 to Bit 1 (pixels #8 - #11)
    DoHalfTransition(pLine, pixelIndex, bBit0, bBit1);
 
    // 4th: do remaining pixels of "Bit 1" level this is the place to drop a pixel if desired)
    level = (bBit1 ? (float)1.0 : (float)0.0);
    DoVITCPixel (pLine, pixelIndex++, level);       // pixel #12
    DoVITCPixel (pLine, pixelIndex++, level);       // pixel #13
    if (!bDropBit)
        DoVITCPixel (pLine, pixelIndex++, level);   // pixel #14 (optional)
}
 
 
// Encodes the supplied timecode data to VITC and inserts it in the designated video line.
// If this is RP-201 "Film" or "Production" data, we jigger the CRC per RP-201 specs.
bool AJAAncillaryData_Timecode_VITC::EncodeLine (uint8_t *pLine)
{
    bool bResult = true;
    uint32_t i;
    uint32_t pixelIndex = 0;        // running pixel count
    uint32_t group;
    uint32_t bitPair;
    bool bBit0, bBit1;
    bool bPrevBit = false;      // the last bit of the previous group
    bool bDropBit = false;
    uint8_t CRC = 0;
    
    // 1st: do 24 pixels of black before 1st start bit
    for (i = 0; i < 24; i++)
        DoVITCPixel (pLine, pixelIndex++, 0.0);
        
    // VITC consists of 9 "groups" of 10 bits each (or 5 bit-pairs). Each group starts with a '1' bit and a '0' bit,
    // followed by 8 data bits. The first 8 groups carry the 64 bits of VITC data, and the last group carries an 8-bit
    // CRC calculated from the preceding 82 bits.
    for (group = 0; group < kNumTimeDigits; group++)
    {
        uint8_t tcData, bgData;
        GetTimeHexValue(group, tcData);
        GetBinaryGroupHexValue(group, bgData);
        uint8_t data = (bgData << 4) + tcData;
 
        // Note: we do VITC bit "pairs" because the timing works out to be 7.5 pixels per VITC bit.
        // A bit pair is exactly 15 pixels, so it's more convenient to work with
        DoVITCBitPair(pLine, pixelIndex, bPrevBit, 1, 0, false);            // Start bits: 1, 0
        addToCRC (1, CRC);
        addToCRC (0, CRC);              // note: start bits are included in CRC
        bPrevBit = false;
 
        for (bitPair = 0; bitPair < 4; bitPair++)
        {
            bBit0 = (data & 0x01) > 0;
            bBit1 = (data & 0x02) > 0;
            
            // in every other group, drop a pixel in the last pixel pair to help keep time
            bDropBit = (group % 2 && bitPair == 3);
            
            DoVITCBitPair(pLine, pixelIndex, bPrevBit, bBit0, bBit1, bDropBit);     // 8 Data bits per group (ls bit first)
            
            // add bits to CRC
            addToCRC (bBit0, CRC);
            addToCRC (bBit1, CRC);
            
            bPrevBit = bBit1;
            data = (data >> 2);
        }
    }
    
 
    // do the final "CRC" group
    DoVITCBitPair(pLine, pixelIndex, bPrevBit, 1, 0, false);            // Start bits: 1, 0
    
    // the CRC also includes the start bits for the CRC group, so add those now
    addToCRC (1, CRC);
    addToCRC (0, CRC);
    bPrevBit = false;
 
    // if we're transmitting standard VITC timecode, the CRC is sent as-is
    // if this is RP-201 "Film Data", the CRC needs to be inverted
    // if this is RP-201 "Production Data", the only the "upper" nibble of the CRC is inverted
    if (m_vitcType == AJAAncillaryData_Timecode_VITC_Type_FilmData)
        CRC = ~CRC;
    else if (m_vitcType == AJAAncillaryData_Timecode_VITC_Type_ProdData)
        CRC = CRC ^ 0x0F;
 
    for (i = 0; i < 4; i++)
    {
        bBit0 = (CRC & 0x80) > 0;
        bBit1 = (CRC & 0x40) > 0;
        
        DoVITCBitPair(pLine, pixelIndex, bPrevBit, bBit0, bBit1, bDropBit);     // 8 Data bits per group (ms bit first)
        
        bPrevBit = bBit1;
        CRC = (CRC << 2);
    }
    
    // just in case we ended on a '1' data bit, do a final transition back to black
    DoNormalTransition(pLine, pixelIndex, bPrevBit, 0);
    
    
    // fill the remainder of the line with Black (note that we're assuming 720 active pixels!)
    int32_t remainingPixels = m_DC - pixelIndex;
    
    if (remainingPixels > 0)
    {
        for (i = 0; i < (uint32_t)remainingPixels; i++)
            DoVITCPixel (pLine, pixelIndex++, 0.0);
    }
    
    return bResult;
}
 
#endif  // !USE_SMPTE_266M
 
string AJAAncillaryData_Timecode_VITC::VITCTypeToString (const AJAAncillaryData_Timecode_VITC_Type inType)
{
    switch (inType)
    {
        case AJAAncillaryData_Timecode_VITC_Type_Timecode:  return "timecode (CRC=0x00)";
        case AJAAncillaryData_Timecode_VITC_Type_FilmData:  return "RP-201 Film Data (CRC=0xFF)";
        case AJAAncillaryData_Timecode_VITC_Type_ProdData:  return "RP-201 Prod Data (CRC=0x0F)";
        default:                                            break;
    }
    return "??";
}
 
 
ostream & AJAAncillaryData_Timecode_VITC::Print (ostream & debugStream, const bool bShowDetail) const
{
    debugStream << IDAsString() << "(" << ::AJAAncDataCodingToString(m_coding) << ")" << endl;
    //debugStream << "SMPTE 12M VITC Analog Data (" << ((m_coding == AJAAncillaryDataCoding_Digital) ? "Digital" : ((m_coding == AJAAncillaryDataCoding_Analog) ? "Analog" : "???????")) << ")" << endl;
    AJAAncillaryData_Timecode::Print (debugStream, bShowDetail);    // print the generic stuff
    debugStream << endl
                << "VITC Type: " << VITCTypeToString (m_vitcType);
    return debugStream;
}